Toe foams are a polyurethane foam that is commonly used by podiatrists for a range of problems.
They are often used for corns on the toes, especially after the podiatrist has debrided them. They tend to be used more for the short to medium terms. They can be helpful to prevent blisters. The toe foam is also good for protecting toes from the pressure points.
Toe foam typically comes in a longer length and you cut them to the length required for the toe. They come in several different diameters and some have a double thickness on one side for extra protection.
This question gets asked a lot (see these forums here and here); can they actually correct bunions?
Depends what you mean by “correct”. They will not make a bunion go away. They will not correct the alignment of the big toe. They will, however, lead to some small improvement in the alignment of the big toe and may be useful to helping pain deep inside the joint by keeping it mobile, but that is all. They do not live up to the marketing hype and the faked before and after photos. There are some resources on them here.
The short foot exercise is an exercise that is widely recommended for the treatment of flat foot or overpronation.
The exercise is carried out by shortening the distance between the heel and the base of the hallux contracting the muscles in the arch to slide the forefoot posteriorly along the ground.
There is some controversy about the SFA as it is assumed that it will only help those flat feet that are due to a weakness of the muscles and not on other causes of flat feet or overpronation. This makes sense, if a weakness in the muscle is the cause of the problem then a strengthening of them should be the solution. If there are other causes then strengthening is probably not going to help unless the actual cause is addressed.