There is a lot going on about the benefits of barefoot or minimalist running with no really science or evidence to support it. There are just lots of claims and counterclaims and lots of lot head with anonymous forum and blog comments! Simply there is no evidence one way or another on the best way to run. While all this has been going on for a few years, a maximalist running shoe, the Hoka One One has been making inroads into the market and runners a loving them. Pretty much all runner who try the Hoka One One’s love them! They are from France and the really are the antithesis of the trend to minimalist running. My take on all this is that it does not matter what you run it, it comes down to what you like the feel of under your feet. With a minimalist running shoe, you can feel the road and ground and with a maximalist running shoe like the Hoka One Ones, you get the feeling of a lot of cushioning.
Plantar fasciitis is the most common musculoskeletal problem affecting the foot. The classic sign of plantar fasciitis is what is called ‘first step pain’, that is much more severe pain after rest, especially getting out of bed in the morning. The pain is almost always under the heel. So if you have pain under the heel and the first step pain, then you probably have plantar fasciitis. There are a number of other conditions that can cause similar symptoms, but probably around 90% of the time it is plantar fasciitis. The main risk factors for this are overweight, high activity levels and tight calf muscles.
The best way to manage plantar fasciitis over the long term is to reduce the load in the plantar fascia which is damaged. This is best done with foot orthotics and lots of stretching. The calf muscle stretching is absolutely crucial and need to be done several times a day of you are serious about getting better. Not all foot orthotics are created equal either and you need to make sure they have the design features that actually do reduce the load in the plantar fascia. A simple arch support design is not sufficient.
There are many other treatments for plantar fasciitis, but most of them are really directed at help the tissues heal which is not a bad thing, but they are less likely to help if the load is still present in the tissues. That really does need to be reduced. One of the best ways to to that is described in great deal by Running Research Junkie.
There are many different causes of pain on the top of the foot with there being several key ones. ‘Top of foot pain’ is becoming very common in barefoot runners and those who forefoot strike rather than heel stroke when running. The other key one is an osteoarthritis that is more common in older patients. The treatment of these two types of problems is relatively straight forward and involves the use of foot orthotics with specific features that support the back part of the arch so the forefoot and drop down. This is easier said than done and as noted, this can be a challenge in those who do not use running shoes. More often than not if this is to be managed properly compromises need to be reached.
Other more obvious causes of pain on top of the foot include shoes that are too tight, prominent bones, and things like pinched nerves. Often padding under the tongue of the shoe to relieve the pressure is all that is needed.
More and more people are turning up in the retro running shoes, like the Onitsuka Tiger which was a popular running shoe. Running shoe technology as move on substantially since then, though the evidence that better running shoes actually make a difference is limited. Despite this, there is nothing wrong with these type of shoes, such as the Onitsuka Tigers as a fashion statement but I am not so sure you want to use them for running long distances unless plenty of time that is needed to adapt to using them. They do have a very flimsy construction compared to the modern running shoe, so are not going to last as long if you do a lot of running in them.